Modern medicine increasingly leans towards the parasitic theory of the disease and demonstrates that when living parasites in the human body, there is regularity in the development of various types of violations. There are more than 300 well-known organizations, leading a parasitic way of life on the surface of the skin and of the interior. All types of parasites have different life cycles, the mechanisms of parasitism, but one thing unites them — parasitic diseases cause great harm to the people.
Classification of types of parasites in the human body
There is a division between true and false parasitism. Cases in which a plague to the human parasites, it is not true, harmful if accidentally ingested, see above. Some examples are the insects and the leeches in the nasopharynx or ear passages. Due to the risk of extensive damage, the obstruction of the airways requires emergency removal of the plague. Treatment of true parasitism, mainly of drugs depends on the type of pest.
Parasites living on the body surface and the rest of the bodies
Organisms that are parasitic in the surface of the skin lice, mites, bedbugs, certain types of flies, mosquitoes. Cause damage to people by bites, the way the skin of the colony, causing lesions of the skin. Parasites are a serious threat to the people as carriers of infections and viruses, such as encephalitis, malaria, typhoid, plague, anthrax.
The simplest
This small parasite in humans, which consists of a single cell and the parasite in different organs and tissues, and cause severe illness, often chronic. The most well-known are amoeba, Giardia, Toxoplasma. The pathways of the parasites are diverse, mainly through food and water. Some types cause diseases that are lethal, for example, a particular type of amoeba that lives in water and causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.
Worms
In the group of helminth species parasitic worms that live in the internal organs of living organisms. It is big enough, living in the body of parasites can cause significant damage to tissues and organs, and if untreated, even cause death.
There are these types of parasites in the body:
- Worms, nematodes, are 1-2 mm (Trichinella) to several tens of centimeters (roundworm). Some species, such as Ancylostoma, penetrates the skin.
- Flukes, flat worms, popularly called "flukes" because the suction cups on the body. The infection occurs by the ingestion of infective forms of the parasite that develop in the body of an intermediate host or in the water.
- The major helminths, cestodes, better known name — you had or apni. There are more than 10-15 m (beef tapeworm), and the greatest representative, had large, reaching more than 20 m. the Intermediate host and source of infection are in general animal farm.
Location, where they live as parasites
There are several forms of location. Temporary stay implies the localization of the parasite in the body in the period of a development cycle. The stationary form when the parasites are in the organism to live its entire life cycle, laying eggs in the human body and do not require for their maturation intermediate host. Traffic form of localization is the period of migration of the parasite to a habitat.
For diagnosis and treatment, it is important to consider both the shape and the location. The location is divided into 2 large groups. The first group are parasitic in the skin of the body. Parasites in the interior of a person, affecting internal organs, a species that can live in the bones, tissues and fluids are a group of endoparasites, including protozoa and helminths.
Parasites on the human skin
Internal human parasites are divided into 2 types — the parasites of the tissues and parasites and abdominal organs associated with the external environment. There are ways atypical of the infection, when the parasites enter unusual for this type of habitat, which complicates the diagnosis and treatment, especially in lesions of the brain.
Parasites living on the body surface and the outer bodies have two main ways of parasitism, temporary, permanent. Pests do not live on the skin of living beings, fed through the bites are temporary and dangerous infections. Parasites that live on human skin affect the integrity of the epithelium, causing dermatological disorders.
The most found type of
Common parasites that live in the skin, are the causative agent of scabies — the itch mite, lice that cause pediculosis, and cutaneous tick — pathogen demodicosis. In the spring and autumn period, there are ticks that live in the field and forest. Of the easiest most common types of parasites in man, such as Giardia, Toxoplasma, Trichomonas, amoeba, Plasmodium. The worms relates to the common bovine and porcine tapeworm and the largest — a had. Among the few is often diagnosed roundworm, pinworm, Trichinella, vlasoglavy. Trematodes of the most common liver Fluke and giant.
The common symptoms of the infestation
When the parasite eggs or adults of the parasitic organisms enter the human body, there comes the period of incubation during which parasitic infection can be asymptomatic. Signs of visible ectoparasites of the skin of allergic rashes, wounds, itching. Identify endoparasites more difficult, parasitic diseases tend to have symptoms similar to those of other diseases. The main symptoms are caused by the action of the toxins is often perceived as a consequence of the overwork and ignored.
Signal for diagnosis is the appearance of these symptoms:
- allergic reaction to waste, parasites,
- anemia;
- headaches,
- causeless sleep disorders;
- dyspepsia;
- frequent nausea, pain in the abdomen;
- the disorder of the digestive system;
- the increase of the body temperature;
- pain in the liver or increase the body;
- frequent causeless pain in the joints, the muscles;
- any long-term disease that is not associated with other diagnosed diseases.
Diagnosis
To detect ectoparasites on the skin is possible by visual inspection and microscopic analysis of the tissue. To complicate the diagnosis can severe allergic reactions and secondary infections that seem to skin diseases that do not have a parasitic origin.
Promptly find the presence of endoparasites is much more difficult, the list of parasites in the human body exceeds hundreds of species requires a comprehensive diagnosis, which consists of several tests and procedures:
- General analysis of blood;
- immunoassay blood test;
- examination of the stool;
- CT scans and ultrasound, that allows you to quickly identify the species of large size;
- analysis of duodenal contents;
- a study of the secretion of the duodenum 12.
Drugs and the treatment
Treatment of diseases of parasitic, it must be integrated, designated doctor on the basis of laboratory analysis and the individual patient. This is due to the high toxicity of the medication, the need for a regular monitoring of the patient. Self-treatment can have negative consequences, leading to life-threatening complications. If the parasites of man are located not typically identify risks and treatments without specialist impossible.
Therapeutic measures is divided into three stages. The training phase is required to remove toxins from the body, relieve symptoms of acute and protect the internal organs from the harmful effects of the drugs. For these purposes, prescribed medications, special medications to cleanse the body, the antibiotics, the diet.
The second stage is the destruction of parasites, is started when the patient's condition is stable. Large worms, such as the meat had and the main pests in the internal tissues are often removed surgically. For the duration of the medical course affects the cycle of life of the people, to the extent of the injuries.
The third phase aims to restore the body and prevent re-infection. In cases of mild infestation is quite simple health treatments. Parasitic diseases of man may require time for treatment and recovery, cessation of the medication in the treatment delays the healing process.
Measures of prevention
At the heart of prevention lies in personal hygiene, handling of food and drinking water, the compliance of the sanitary rules during the cooking of meat and fish. Caution should be taken when swimming in fresh water, where the parasite of a large number of pests, dangerous. Protection against ectoparasites is the use of the quality of the repellents of insects to avoid contact with infected people and objects.
The most dangerous are considered to be pests found in the tropics and hot countries when planning a trip to these places, it must be carefully protected from insects. All the parasites that live in our body, are a threat to the health and the preventive measures to avoid a serious infection parasitic.